Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a highly contagious virus that can lead to cancers, particularly cervical cancer in women. While vaccination is an effective method of preventing this infection, determining the optimal timing and approach for vaccination remains a key public health challenge.

This study examines the impact of HPV vaccination using mathematical models to better understand the virus’s transmission dynamics and the effects of age-targeted vaccination strategies. The study first presents a simple model to explore how the virus spreads within a population and then extends this to a more complex model that incorporates vaccination at different age groups.

The results show that vaccinating young people, especially those between 9 and 14 years old, is crucial for limiting HPV transmission. The study highlights how a targeted vaccination strategy based on age and gender can significantly reduce infection rates and prevent severe complications like cancer.

This work provides valuable insights for public health decision-makers to plan vaccination campaigns more effectively, ensuring maximum protection for the population.